Before assuming responsibility for South and Central Asia, Kapoor taught South Asian politics, security and international relations at the US Naval Postgraduate School.
In 2020–21, he served as a policy planning officer at the US State Department, where he worked on South and Central Asia, Indo-Pacific strategy, and US-India relations.
Previously, he taught at Claremont McKenna College and was also a visiting professor at Stanford University. He received a bachelor’s degree from Amherst College and a PhD from the University of Chicago.